Ketosis is defined as which of the following?

• A. Hyponatremia
• B. Hyperglycemia
• C. Ketosis
• D. Hypokalemia

Answer: (C)

Ketosis is defined by the presence of ketone bodies produced from fat metabolism when carbohydrate availability is low. In other words, it’s a metabolic state where ketones (such as acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) build up in the blood and/or urine.

That’s why the correct option is the one that literally names ketosis. The other conditions describe different abnormalities: hyponatremia is low sodium, hyperglycemia is high blood sugar, and hypokalemia is low potassium. These are not definitions of ketosis themselves. Ketosis can occur with fasting, very low-carbohydrate intake, or insulin deficiency, and in certain illnesses like diabetic ketoacidosis, it’s accompanied by other metabolic changes, but the core idea is the ketone buildup from fat breakdown.